Lunar Mission Mac OS

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  1. Lunar Display Mac
  2. Lunar Mission Mac Os 7

1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s

Aug 22, 2014 The most amazing part that will blow you away isn't so much the hardware, as the software they used to get to the Moon. In fact, the real-time operating system in the Apollo 11 spacecraft could multi-task eight jobs at a time, something we take entirely for granted today, but no small feat for the time it was developed. Lunar Mission Escape Room in Koreatown, LA is a fairly difficult escape room game that will test your observation and reasoning skills on board a space station that is quickly running out of oxygen.

1950s: Dawn of the Space Age

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
Pioneer 0USAAug. 17, 1958N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRSept. 23, 1958N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Pioneer 1USAOct. 11, 1958N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSROct. 11, 1958N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Pioneer 2USANov. 8, 1958N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRDec. 4, 1958N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Pioneer 3USADec. 7, 1958N/AFlybyUnsuccessful
Luna 1USSRJan. 2, 1959Jan. 4, 1959ImpactPartial Success; first Moon flyby
Pioneer 4USAMarch 3, 1959Mar. 4., 1959FlybyPartial Sucess
Unnamed LunaUSSRJune 18, 1959N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Luna 2USSRSept. 12, 1959Sept. 13, 1959ImpactSuccessful; first spacecraft to impact the Moon's surface
Pioneer P-1USASept. 24, 1959N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Luna 3USSROct. 4, 1959Oct. 6, 1959FlybySuccessful; first pictures of the lunar farside.
Pioneer P-3USANov. 26, 1959N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful

1960s: Race to the Moon

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
Unnamed LunaUSSRApril 15, 1960N/AFlybyUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRApril 16, 1960N/AFlybyUnsuccessful
Pioneer P-30USASep. 25, 1960N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Pioneer P-31USADec. 15. 1960N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Ranger 3USAJan. 26, 1962N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Ranger 4USAApril 26, 1962N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Ranger 5USAOct. 21, 1962N/AImpactUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRJan. 4, 1963N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRFeb. 3, 1963N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Luna 4USSRApril 2, 1963April 6, 1963LanderUnsuccessful; flew past Moon.
Ranger 6USAJan. 30, 1964Feb. 2, 1965ImpactUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRMarch 21, 1964N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRApril 20, 1964N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Ranger 7USAJuly 28, 1964July 31, 1964ImpactSuccessful; first U.S. close-up pictures of the Moon
Ranger 8USAFeb. 17, 1965Feb. 20, 1965ImpactSuccessful
Kosmos 60USSRMarch 12, 1965N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Ranger 9USAMarch 21, 1965March 24, 1965ImpactSuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRApril 10, 1965N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Luna 5USSRMay 9, 1965May 12, 1965LanderUnsuccessful; impacted Moon
Luna 6USSRJune 8, 1965June 11, 1965LanderUnsuccessful; flyby
Zond 3USSRJuly 18, 1965July 20, 1965FlybySuccessful
Luna 7USSROct. 4, 1965Oct. 7, 1965LanderUnsuccessful; impacted Moon
Luna 8USSRDec. 3, 1965Dec. 6, 1965LanderUnsuccessful; impacted Moon
Luna 9USSRJan. 31, 1966Feb. 3, 1966LanderSuccessful; first lunar soft landing and first picture from the lunar surface
Kosmos 111USSRMarch 1, 1966N/AOrbiterUnsuccessful
Luna 10USSRMarch 31, 1966April 3, 1966OrbiterSuccessful; first lunar orbiter
Surveyor 1USAMay 30, 1966June 2, 1966LanderSuccessful; first U.S. Moon landing and first U.S. photo from the lunar surface.
Lunar Orbiter 1USAAug. 10, 1966Aug. 14, 1966OrbiterSuccessful
Luna 11USSRAug. 24, 1966Aug. 27, 1966OrbiterSuccessful
Surveyor 2USASept. 20, 1966Sept. 23, 1966LanderUnsuccessful; impacted Moon
Luna 12USSROct. 22, 1966Oct. 25, 1966OrbiterSuccessful
Lunar Orbiter 2USANov. 6, 1966Nov. 10, 1966OrbiterSuccessful
Luna 13USSRDec. 21, 1966Dec. 24, 1966LanderSuccessful
Lunar Orbiter 3USAFeb. 5, 1967Feb. 8, 1967OrbiterPartial success; camera failure
Surveyor 3USAApril 17, 1967April 20, 1967LanderSuccessful; visited on the Moon by Apollo 12 crew.
Lunar Orbiter 4USAMay 4, 1967May 8, 1967OrbiterPartial success; camera failure
Surveyor 4USAJuly 14, 1967July 17, 1967LanderUnsuccessful
Lunar Orbiter 5USAAug. 1, 1967Aug. 5, 1967OrbiterSuccessful
Surveyor 5USASept. 8, 1967Sept. 11, 1967LanderSuccessful
Surveyor 6USANov. 7, 1967Nov. 10, 1967LanderSuccessful
Surveyor 7USAJan. 7, 1968Jan. 10, 1968LanderSuccessful
Unnamed LunaUSSRFeb. 7, 1968N/ALanderUnsuccessful
Luna 14USSRApril 7, 1968April 10, 1968OrbiterSuccessful
Zond 5USSRSept. 15, 1968Sept. 18, 1968FlybySuccessful;
Zond 6USSRNov. 10, 1968Nov. 14, 1968FlybyPartial success; animal cargo lost on landing.
Apollo 8USADec. 21, 1968Dec. 24, 1968OrbiterSuccess; first humans to orbit the Moon
Unnamed LunaUSSRFeb. 19, 1969N/ARoverUnsuccessful; first attempted Moon rover
Apollo 10USAMay 18, 1969May 21, 1969OrbiterSuccessful; lander test in lunar orbit
Unnamed LunaUSSRJune 14, 1969N/ASample ReturnUnsuccessful
Luna 15USSRJuly 13, 1969July 18, 1969Orbiter/Sample ReturnPartial success; orbiter successful, sample return crashed on the Moon
Apollo 11USAJuly 16, 1969July 20, 1969Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful; first humans to land on the Moon
Zond 7USSRAug. 7, 1969Aug. 11, 1969FlybySuccessful
Kosmos 300USSRSept. 23, 1969N/ASample ReturnUnsuccessful
Kosmos 305USSROct. 22, 1969N/ASample ReturnUnsuccessful
Apollo 12USANov. 14, 1969Nov. 17,1969Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful; rendezvous with Surveyor 3 on the surface of the moon.

1970s: Sampling the Moon

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
Apollo 13USA4/11/19704/15/1970Orbiter/Sample ReturnUnsuccessful; crew returned safely to Earth.
Unnamed LunaUSSR2/6/1970N/ASample ReturnUnsuccessful
Luna 16USSR9/12/19709/20/1970Sample ReturnSuccessful; first robotic sample return from beyond Earth.
Zond 8USSR10/20/197010/24/1970FlybySuccessful
Luna 17USSR11/10/197011/17/1970LanderSuccessful; delivered Lunokhod 1 rover to the surface of the Moon
Lunokhod 1USSR11/10/197011/17/1970RoverSuccessful; first robotic rover to explore the surface of a world beyond Earth
Apollo 14USA1/31/19712/4/1971Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful
Apollo 15USA7/26/19717/29/1971Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful
PFS-1USA7/26/19718/4/1971OrbiterSuccessful; deployed in lunar orbit by Apollo 15 crew
Luna 18USSR9/2/19719/11/1971Sample ReturnUnsuccessful
Luna 19USSR9/28/197110/3/1971OrbiterSuccessful
Luna 20USSR2/14/19722/21/1972Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful
Apollo 16USA4/16/19724/19/1972Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful
PFS-2USA4/16/19724/24/1972OrbiterPartial Success; orbit decayed prematurely
Apollo 17USA12/7/197212/10/1972Orbiter/Sample ReturnSuccessful; first scientist on the Moon and final Apollo mission
Luna 21USSR1/8/19731/15/1973OrbiterSuccessful; delivered Lunokhod 2 rover to the surface of the Moon
Lunokhod 2USSR1/8/19731/15/1973RoverSuccessful; longest-lived rover on the Moon, drove 24 miles (39 kilometers)
Mariner 10USA11/3/197311/5/1973FlybySuccessful; studied Moon while en route to Mercury
Luna 22USSR5/29/19746/2/1974OrbiterSuccessful
Luna 23USSR10/28/197411/6/1974Sample ReturnPartial Success
Luna 24USSR8/9/19768/18/1976Sample ReturnSuccessful

1980s: Quiet Moon

No lunar missions were launched in this decade.

1990s: Robots Return

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
HitenJapan1/24/19903/19/1990Orbiter/ImpactSuccessful; first Japanese Moon mission
ClementineUSA1/25/19942/19/1994OrbiterSuccessful
Lunar ProspectorUSA1/7/19981//11/1998Orbiter/ImpactSuccessful

2000s: International Moon

Lunar Display Mac

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
SMART-1Europe9/27/200311/15/2004Orbiter/ImpactSuccessful; first European Moon mission
SELENE (Kaguya)Japan9/14/200710/3/2007Orbiter/ImpactSuccessful
Chang'e 1China10/24/200711/5/2007Orbiter/impactorSuccessful; first Chinese Moon mission
Chandrayaan-1India10/22/200811/12/2008OrbiterSuccessful
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)USA6/18/20096/23/2009Orbiter(Active Mission) Successful; extended mission in progress
LCROSSUSA6/18/200910/9/2009ImpactSuccessful; impact of LRO upper stages

2010s: Delving Deeper

Lunar Mission Mac Os 7

NameNationLaunchArrivalTypeResults
Chang'e 2China10/1/201010/5/2010OrbiterSuccessful
ARTEMISUSA20102011Orbiters(Active Mission) Successful; twin spacecraft on an extended lunar mission after successful Earth observartions
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL)USA9/10/20111/1/2012OrbitersSuccessful; twin spacecraft
Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)USA9/7/201310/6/2013OrbiterSuccessful
Chang'e 3China12/6/201312/14/2013Lander(Active Mission) Successful; delivered Yutu rover to lunar surface
YutuChina12/6/201312/14/2013RoverSuccessful; first non-Soviet rover on the Moon
Chang'e 5-Test VehicleChina10/23/201410/27/2014FlybySuccessful
QueqiaoChina5/20/2018OrbiterSuccessful; lunar relay satellite
Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2China12/7/201801/03/2019Lander, RoverSuccessful; first lunar farside landing
BeresheetIsrael2/22/20194/11/2019LanderUnsuccessful; first lunar landing attempt by a private company

Chandrayaan-2
India7/22/2019N/AOrbiterSuccessful

The Soviet Union's Luna 9 was the first spacecraft to make a survivable landing on the Moon. This also was the first soft landing on a world beyond Earth.

  • Luna 9 sent back nine images from the surface of the Moon.
  • The lander proved spacecraft would not simply sink into lunar dust, a finding that paved the way for future Moon landings, including the Apollo missions.
Mac lunar new year
Nation Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Objective(s) Lunar Soft-Landing
SpacecraftYe-6M (no. 202)
Spacecraft Mass About 3,500 pounds (1,583.7 kilograms)
Mission Design and Management GSMZ imeni Lavochkina
Launch Vehicle Molniya-M + Blok L (8K78M no. U103-32, also U15000-49)
Launch Date and Time Jan. 31, 1966 / 11:41:37 UT
Launch Site Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazahkstan (NIIP-5 / Site 31/6)
Scientific Instruments1. Imaging System
2. Gamma-Ray Spectrometer
3. KS-17M Radiation Detector

Firsts

  • First survivable landing on the Moon: Feb. 3, 1966

Results

Mister money bags. With this mission, the Soviets accomplished another spectacular first in the space race, the first survivable landing of a human-made object on another celestial body and the transmission of photographs from its surface.

Dealer (itch) mac os. Luna 9 was the 12th attempt at a soft-landing by the Soviets. It was also the first deep space probe built by the Lavochkin design bureau that would design and build all future Soviet (and Russian) lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.

All operations prior to landing occurred without fault. A 48-second mid-course correction at 19:29 UT on Feb. 1, 1966 some 145,000 miles (233,000 kilometers) from the Moon directed the probe to its target in the Ocean of Storms. About one hour before touchdown at a distance of 5,200 miles (8,300 kilometers), Luna 9 was put in proper attitude for retrofire. Just prior to engine ignition, two side compartments were jettisoned, followed by inflation of two shock-absorbing airbags covering the lander to a pressure of 1 atmosphere. Its main S5.5A engine ignited at an altitude of 46.5 miles (74.885 kilometers) above the surface and fired for 48 seconds until the probe was just 850 to 870 feet (260 to 265 meters) above ground, thus decelerating Luna 9 from 8,500 feet (2,600 meters) per second to a few feet per second.

Just above the surface, a long boom sensor made contact with the lunar surface, thus issuing a command to eject the 23-inch (58-centimeter) spheroid ALS capsule weighing 220 pounds (99.8 kilograms) from the main bus. The ALS (still enclosed in surrounded airbags) landed a few yards (meters) away. The impact time was recorded as 18:45:30 UT on Feb. 3, 1966 west of the Reiner and Marius craters in the Ocean of Storms (reported as 7 degrees 8 minutes north latitude and 64 degrees 32 minutes west longitude but closer to 8 degrees north latitude and 64 degrees west longitude).

About four minutes after landing, the airbags split open, and the petals covering the top of the ALS were deployed.

Precisely 4 minutes and 10 seconds after touchdown, Luna 9 began transmitting initial telemetry data back to Earth, although it would be another 7 hours (at 01:50 UT on Feb. 4, after the Sun climbed from 3 degrees to 7 degrees elevation) before the probe began sending back the first of nine images (including five panoramas) of the surface of the Moon.

The first panoramic images arrived very early in the morning in Moscow, and because officials were afraid to wake up Soviet space program curator Dmitriy Ustinov (1908-1984) (whose permission was required for publication in the Soviet media), the first panoramic images were actually published in the British media courtesy of Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-2012) at the Jodrell Bank Observatory who had intercepted and analyzed the same data.

Cyber lover mac os. The later images had the Sun much higher, up to 41 degrees, thus causing the shadow relief of the images to change. These were the first images sent back from the surface of another planetary body.

Controllers noticed at one point that Luna 9's vantage point had slightly shifted over the sequence of images, possibly caused by the diminishing water supply of its thermal control system which changed its weight distribution. This change in perspective (of about 4 inches or 100 mm) opened up the possibility of stereo photography of the surface.

The KS-17M radiation detector measured a dosage of 30 millirads per day.

Perhaps the most important discovery from the mission was determining that a foreign object would not simply sink into the lunar dust, i.e., that the ground could support a heavy lander.

Mission controllers expected that the last communications session would be on Feb. 5, 1966 (from 16:00 to 17:41 UT) but were pleased to have an additional one, on Feb. 6, 1966 (from 20:37 to 22:55 UT). By the time contact was lost, controllers had communicated with Luna 9 over seven communications sessions lasting 8 hours and 5 minutes.

Source

Siddiqi, Asif A. Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016. NASA History Program Office, 2018.

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